{"id":2082,"date":"2016-09-19T11:12:53","date_gmt":"2016-09-19T10:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/?p=2082"},"modified":"2016-09-19T11:12:53","modified_gmt":"2016-09-19T10:12:53","slug":"le-premier-survol-de-la-surface-de-mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/le-premier-survol-de-la-surface-de-mars\/","title":{"rendered":"Le premier survol de la surface de Mars"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_2085\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2085\" data-attachment-id=\"2085\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/le-premier-survol-de-la-surface-de-mars\/pia14033_modest\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033_modest.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"750,444\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"pia14033_modest\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Photographie \u00ab\u00a0fait main\u00a0\u00bb de la surface martienne par Mariner 4.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;i&gt;(Cr\u00e9dit: &lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov\/catalog\/PIA14033&quot; target=_blank&gt;NASA&lt;\/a&gt;)&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033_modest.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2085\" src=\"http:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033_modest-300x178.jpg\" alt=\"Photographie &quot;fait main&quot; de la surface martienne par Mariner 4. (Cr\u00e9dit: NASA)\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033_modest-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033_modest.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2085\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photographie \u00ab\u00a0fait main\u00a0\u00bb de la surface martienne par Mariner 4.<br \/><i>(Cr\u00e9dit: <a href=\"http:\/\/photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov\/catalog\/PIA14033\" target=\"_blank\">NASA<\/a>)<\/i><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Pour une fois je ne vous donne pas une photographie \u00e9poustouflante en haute r\u00e9solution, mais un griffonnage grossier digne des murs d&rsquo;une \u00e9cole primaire.\u00a0Mais ce griffonnage n&rsquo;est pas anodin, il s&rsquo;agit de la premi\u00e8re photographie de la surface de Mars\u00a0acquise\u00a0par Mariner 4, lanc\u00e9e le 28 novembre 1964. Prise \u00e0 9800 km d&rsquo;altitude, cette image fut convertie en donn\u00e9es num\u00e9rique avant d&rsquo;\u00eatre transmise vers la Terre \u00e0 la vitesse de 8 \u00e0 30 bits\/s (aujourd&rsquo;hui une connexion ADSL moyenne transmet\u00a0les donn\u00e9es \u00e0 la vitesse de 8 \u00e0 10 millions de bits\/s).<\/p>\n<p>Une fois la photo re\u00e7ue sous forme d&rsquo;une s\u00e9rie de chiffres, elle devait \u00eatre convertie en image par un ordinateur. A l&rsquo;\u00e9poque ce processus \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s long, et <a href=\"http:\/\/www.directedplay.com\/first-tv-image-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\">les impatients ing\u00e9nieurs de l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe Mariner ne purent attendre le rendu final<\/a> et entreprirent de faire eux-m\u00eame la conversion en collant les languettes de chiffres c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te sur un mur et en coloriant les zones\u00a0en fonction du code num\u00e9rique re\u00e7u. Le rendu final fut conserv\u00e9 et encadr\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2088\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/le-premier-survol-de-la-surface-de-mars\/pia14033_composite\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033_composite.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"726,363\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"pia14033_composite\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Comparaison entre la photo manufactur\u00e9e et le rendu final par ordinateur.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;i&gt;Cr\u00e9dit: JPL\/Caltech&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033_composite.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2088 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033_composite.jpg\" alt=\"Comparaison entre la photo manufactur\u00e9e et le rendu final par ordinateur. Cr\u00e9dit: JPL\/Caltech\" width=\"726\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033_composite.jpg 726w, https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033_composite-300x150.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 726px) 100vw, 726px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Comparaison entre la photo manufactur\u00e9e et le rendu final par ordinateur.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>(Cr\u00e9dit: JPL\/Caltech)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pour une fois je ne vous donne pas une photographie \u00e9poustouflante en haute r\u00e9solution, mais un griffonnage grossier digne des murs d&rsquo;une \u00e9cole primaire.\u00a0Mais ce griffonnage n&rsquo;est pas anodin, il s&rsquo;agit de la premi\u00e8re photographie de la surface de Mars\u00a0acquise\u00a0par Mariner 4, lanc\u00e9e le 28 novembre 1964. Prise \u00e0 9800 km d&rsquo;altitude, cette image fut &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/le-premier-survol-de-la-surface-de-mars\/\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":2086,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[60],"tags":[286,287,79,64,288],"class_list":["post-2082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-la-photo-qui-sort-du-lot","tag-mariner","tag-mariner-4","tag-mars","tag-photo","tag-surface","post_format-post-format-image","item-wrap"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le premier survol de la surface de Mars - Orion PX<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Coloriage manuel de la premi\u00e8re photographie de la surface de Mars, prise par Mariner 4 en 1965.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/le-premier-survol-de-la-surface-de-mars\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le premier survol de la surface de Mars - Orion PX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Coloriage manuel de la premi\u00e8re photographie de la surface de Mars, prise par Mariner 4 en 1965.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/le-premier-survol-de-la-surface-de-mars\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Orion PX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-09-19T10:12:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033-1024x606.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"606\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"C.P. Rigel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"C.P. Rigel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.orionpx.fr\\\/project\\\/blog\\\/le-premier-survol-de-la-surface-de-mars\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.orionpx.fr\\\/project\\\/blog\\\/le-premier-survol-de-la-surface-de-mars\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"C.P. 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N\u00e9 en 1980, papa de deux formidables enfants, j\u2019ai la chance d\u2019avoir une vie de famille heureuse et bien remplie en France dans le d\u00e9partement de la Moselle. Curieux de tout, car pour moi tout est curieux. J\u2019ai ce besoin visc\u00e9ral d\u2019observer, d\u00e9cortiquer, d\u00e9monter, comprendre et apprendre. Tout est source de d\u00e9couverte et d\u2019\u00e9merveillement. Il \u00e9tait donc logique qu\u2019un jour je me tourne vers les myst\u00e8res de l\u2019univers. F\u00e9ru d\u2019astrophysique, de physique, et d\u2019astronomie, je n\u2019en suis pas moins un parfait amateur. J\u2019aime apprendre par moi-m\u00eame et d\u00e9battre de mes acquis pour les mettre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve. 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J\u2019ai ce besoin visc\u00e9ral d\u2019observer, d\u00e9cortiquer, d\u00e9monter, comprendre et apprendre. Tout est source de d\u00e9couverte et d\u2019\u00e9merveillement. Il \u00e9tait donc logique qu\u2019un jour je me tourne vers les myst\u00e8res de l\u2019univers. F\u00e9ru d\u2019astrophysique, de physique, et d\u2019astronomie, je n\u2019en suis pas moins un parfait amateur. J\u2019aime apprendre par moi-m\u00eame et d\u00e9battre de mes acquis pour les mettre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve. (Le reste de ma biographie ici)","sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/Cprigel"],"url":"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/author\/cprigel\/"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/PIA14033.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4Oe1l-xA","jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1926,"url":"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/mysterieuses-taches-de-ceres\/","url_meta":{"origin":2082,"position":0},"title":"Les myst\u00e9rieuses taches de C\u00e9r\u00e8s","author":"C.P. Rigel","date":"1 juin 2016","format":"image","excerpt":"Vue d\u00e9taill\u00e9e de la tache lumineuse principale de C\u00e9r\u00e8s. Cette photographie a \u00e9t\u00e9 prise par la sonde spatiale Dawn en f\u00e9vrier 2016 (composite d'images). 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Ce sont ces petits tourbillons de poussi\u00e8res appel\u00e9s diablotins (ou dust devils en anglais)\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;La photo qui sort du lot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"La photo qui sort du lot","link":"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/category\/photos\/la-photo-qui-sort-du-lot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Martian_Dust_Devil_Trails.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Martian_Dust_Devil_Trails.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Martian_Dust_Devil_Trails.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Martian_Dust_Devil_Trails.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Martian_Dust_Devil_Trails.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Martian_Dust_Devil_Trails.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":866,"url":"https:\/\/www.orionpx.fr\/project\/blog\/la-meteorite-de-meridiani-planum\/","url_meta":{"origin":2082,"position":2},"title":"La m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de Meridiani Planum","author":"C.P. 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